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- Single-sided to Double-sided ST Disk Upgrade
- by Rod Smith (WAUG)
-
- Are you an ST owner with one single-sided and one double-sided disk
- drive? Annoying, isn't it, not being able to directly copy a file from one
- double-sided disk to another. Or do you perhaps have only single-sided
- drives? Wouldn't it be nice to halve the number of disks you've got by
- making them double-sided? Well you can! The ST's disk drives are pretty
- much industry-standard, although the connections to the ST are not. This
- means that, if you've got an SF354 single-sided drive, or an internal
- single-sided drive, it's possible to replace it with a double-sided
- mechanism for about half the cost of a new double-sided drive from Atari.
- For 520ST-FM owners, in fact, this is the _only_ way to upgrade to a double-
- sided drive, short of trading in your computer for a 1040ST.
-
- _Some Caveats_
- This project, while not terribly complicated, is not for the faint of
- heart. It involves opening up your ST's drive (or your ST, in the case of
- internal drives) and swapping components. As such, it will void your
- warranty, assuming it's not run out already. I can make no guarantee that
- it will work for you, especially if your system is different than mine or
- you use a different drive than I did. You may have trouble getting the new
- mechanism to fit neatly in the old drive housing. You will also likely be
- out the cost of the replacement mechanism if something goes wrong.
-
- _How I Did It_
- Bearing these caveats in mind, then, how is it done? The procedure
- I'm about to describe is how _I_ replaced _my_ SF354; the details will
- likely be different for you, since my SF354 was very old (with an eject
- button in the lower right-hand corner) and since you'll likely get a new
- double-sided mechanism from a different source.
- My adventure began when I saw an ad for an external 3.5" drive from
- Radio Shack on sale for $99.95 (catalog #25-1061). This was a lower price
- than I'd ever previously seen on such mechanisms, so I decided to go take a
- look, and ended up buying one. Other sources for 3.5" mechanisms can be
- found in ads in electronics magazines and _Byte_. One such source is Jade
- Computer, in California. Their phone number is (800)421-5500. You could
- also check with local computer stores; ask for a 3.5", double-sided drive
- mechanism for an IBM PC. A typical price seems to be about $120 for what's
- generally a kit for mounting the drive in an IBM PC. If you're replacing an
- existing mechanism, you won't need a power supply, drive controller, or
- extra mounting hardware, so don't pay extra for these things. If possible,
- buy a drive with an eject button and "disk busy" light which are in the same
- location as they are in your existing drive. This is especially important
- if the drive does not include a case or if you're buying it to replace an
- internal drive. I'd avoid drives marketed for the Macintosh, since Mac
- drives have been modified in strange and mysterious ways, and they're thus
- more likely to give you troubles than more traditional drives.
- When I got my new drive home, I opened up both it and my SF354 (after
- unplugging the drive from the wall, of course). The SF354 has seven screws
- on the bottom. Remove the four outermost ones first; this will allow you to
- remove the top cover of the drive. The remaining three screws hold the
- drive mechanism in place, and these should be removed as well.
-
- _The Heart of the Beast_
- You now see the workings of your disk drive, as illustrated in the
- figure. There should be a small circuit board, with a pair of cables
- leading to two connectors on the drive mechanism itself. The larger cable
- carries data signals to and from the drive, while the smaller feeds power to
- the drive. Your new mechanism should have similar connectors, and possibly
- a circuit board of its own. Disconnect both cables from your single-sided
- mechanism and plug the cables into the new mechanism. The cables may be
- difficult to unplug. I used a small flathead screwdriver to pry them apart.
- _Be careful_ when doing this, though; snapping off one of the prongs could
- cause serious problems. When I did this, I actually moved the circuit board
- from the SF354 to the Tandy drive, rather than swap the mechanisms, since
- this was quick and I wanted to test the setup. _This is something you
- should do_. When you've plugged the new mechanism into the SF354's circuit
- board, you can test the drive. Plug it in just as you would the SF354, and
- turn on your system. When I did this, I found that my new drive didn't
- work! After a few minutes of near-panic, I discovered the trouble. The
- Teac drive mechanism which Tandy used had a number of pairs of pins on the
- top of the drive mechanism, some of which were covered by metal-and-plastic
- caps, so as to make an electrical connection between the pins while
- insulating them from other pairs of pins. Some of these pins were labelled
- "D0," "D1," "D2," and "D3," and a cap was placed on the pair labelled "D1."
- Since I knew that every ST drive "thinks" it's the first drive, and since
- these labels looked suspiciously like drive numbers, I used tweezers to move
- the cap from "D1" to "D0." I then re-connected the system, and everything
- worked! Other mechanisms may have a different means of selecting drive
- number, so you may have to examine your drive carefully in search of such an
- option, should it not work when you first connect it to your ST.
-
- _All The King's Horses...._
- Now it's time to put everything back together. Since the Tandy drive
- I purchased had an eject button immediately below the center of the drive
- slot, in a very different location than the placement of the button on my
- SF354, and since the Tandy came with its own enclosure, I decided to leave
- it that way. I replaced the metal RF (radio-frequency) shielding and
- discovered that the cables to the connectors (which necessarily sat rather
- far within the housing, since the Tandy drive is deeper than an SF354) would
- not fit through the only hole in the housing. Fortunately, the top and
- sides of the housing are plastic, so I merely cut out a corner in the back
- large enough to admit my power cables. It was then simply a matter of
- putting the cover back on. This setup has the disadvantage of an
- inaccessible power switch and cable connectors. Since I have a surge
- protector/power strip, this isn't a real concern for me, but it might be for
- somebody else.
- Those wishing to place a drive in an Atari housing will likely have to
- remove the front pieces of the drive mechanisms and swap them. This might
- be difficult, since there's no guarantee that mounting screws will be
- located in the same place (they aren't on my drives). As mentioned before,
- eject buttons and activity LEDs may be placed differently, as well. It may
- even be necessary to cut holes in the front of your Atari drive (or 520ST-FM
- case!) to get everything to work. Once you've worked through this problem,
- you might have trouble mounting your drive in the SF354 case, since (as with
- the faceplate) mounting screws are not guaranteed to match. Once you've
- worked around any of these problems which may arise, put the case back
- together.
- One possible way to avoid these problems altogether might be to open
- up your drive before even purchasing a replacement mechanism. Find the
- manufacturer's name and any other identifying marks, such as model or serial
- numbers. Then look specifically for the equivalent double-sided drive.
- Since Atari has used several different makes of disk drive, there's no
- guarantee that your neighbor's drive will be the same as yours, or even that
- your two drives will be the same inside. In other words, examine whatever
- drive it is you're going to upgrade.
- If these problems prove nearly insurmountable, don't panic! You could
- nail together your own wood enclosure, or perhaps use something else, such
- as a lunch pail or even (gasp) a "generic" external drive housing. These
- options are less viable for 520ST-FM owners, but they might still be
- workable if you construct extension cables for your data and power lines.
-
- _Some Speculation_
- If you want to buy a non-Atari drive as an _addition_ to your system,
- rather than as a replacement for an existing drive, it may be possible, but
- would require additional equipment. Depending on the drive you get, you may
- need an enclosure. You'll also need a power supply and appropriate cabling
- to reach the new drive. Your situation in this case is basically the same
- as connecting a standard 5.25" IBM drive to your ST. I refer you to David
- Small's article, "ST Uses IBM Disk Files," in the November, 1985 issue of
- _Antic_ magazine for more details. I'll add, though, that the additional
- hardware purchases necessary for such a project will likely bring the total
- cost to near what you'd pay for a new SF314, so it's probably not worth the
- effort unless you already have some of the necessary components gathering
- dust in a closet.
-
- _All Done_
- With any luck, you've now got a functional double-sided drive where
- you used to have a single-sided one. So far, my new drive has read every
- double-sided disk I've put into it, and my old double-sided drive has had no
- trouble with disks formatted by the new one. The new drive will format (and
- read) to 83 tracks of 10 sectors each, so I have no difficulty using
- extended formats. I have encountered one problem, however: the new drive
- seems to be less-than-diligent about reporting disk swaps to the ST;
- sometimes it will report them, other times not. This is not a major
- problem, however, since certain actions, such as placing a write-protected
- disk in the drive, will force correct behavior. Other drives may or may not
- have this problem.
- I certainly hope that anybody attempting this modification has as much
- luck as I've had. I've heard of it being done before, so I know that my
- case isn't simply a lucky fluke. I welcome any questions or comments. Send
- them to _MAM_ or post them on the Treasure CheST (973-9137), OutpoST (449-
- 8544), or Molin's Den (420-0407) BBS (all in the 313 area code). Offers to
- purchase a used single-sided mechanism are welcome.